使用ExitStack()来管理多个上下文

嵌套的 with 语句可能会变得混乱。使用 ExitStack() 来保持整洁。

不好：

def process_files(file1, file2, file3):
    with open(file1, 'r') as f1:
        with open(file2, 'r') as f2:
            with open(file3, 'r') as f3:
                pass

好：

from contextlib import ExitStack

def process_files(file1, file2, file3):
    with ExitStack() as stack:
        f1 = stack.enter_context(open(file1, 'r'))
        f2 = stack.enter_context(open(file2, 'r'))
        f3 = stack.enter_context(open(file3, 'r'))
        pass

保持命名约定一致

不好：

def myFunction(num):
    MyVar = num / 3.5
    return MyVar

好：

def my_function(num):
    my_var = num / 3.5
    return my_va

避免硬编码敏感信息

不要直接将 API 密钥或密码存储在代码中！

坏：

password = "iLOVEcats356@33"

好：

import os
password = os.getenv("MY_SECRET_PASSWORD")

使用get()来避免字典中的键错误

不好：

data = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}
city = data["city"] if "city" in data else "Unknown"

好：

city = data.get("city", "Unknown")

利用match进行简洁的条件语句

不好：

def describe_type(obj):
    if isinstance(obj, str):
        return "It's a string"
    elif isinstance(obj, int):
        return "It's an integer"
    elif isinstance(obj, list):
        return "It's a list"
    else:
        return "It's something else"

好：

def describe_type(obj):
    match obj:
        case str():
            return "It's a string"
        case int():
            return "It's an integer"
        case list():
            return "It's a list"
        case _:
            return "It's something else"