Python之Web开发框架学习 Django-URL映射

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
   #Examples
   #url(r'^

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
   #Examples
   #url(r'^

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^hello/', 'myapp.views.hello', name = 'hello'),)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
   #Examples
   #url(r'^

我们已经包含了myapp应用程序中的所有URL。通过“ / hello”访问的home.html现在是“ / myapp / hello”，对于Web应用程序来说，这是一个更好，更易理解的结构。

现在，假设我们在myapp“早晨”中有另一个视图，并且想要将其映射到myapp / url.py中，然后将myapp / url.py更改为-

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

urlpatterns = patterns('',
   url(r'^hello/', 'myapp.views.hello', name = 'hello'),
   url(r'^morning/', 'myapp.views.morning', name = 'morning'),
)

这可以重构为-

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
   url(r'^hello/', 'hello', name = 'hello'),
   url(r'^morning/', 'morning', name = 'morning'),)

如您所见，我们现在使用urlpatterns元组的第一个元素。当您想更改应用名称时，此功能很有用。

发送参数到视图

现在，我们知道了如何映射URL，如何组织它们，现在让我们看看如何将参数发送给视图。经典示例是文章示例（您想通过“ / articles / article_id”访问文章）。

通过使用URL模式中的regexp捕获参数来传递参数。如果我们在“ myapp / view.py”中有以下视图

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

def hello(request):
   return render(request, "hello.html", {})

def viewArticle(request, articleId):
   text = "Displaying article Number : %s"%articleId
   return HttpResponse(text)

我们想要将其映射到myapp / url.py中，以便我们可以通过“ / myapp / article / articleId”访问它，我们需要在“ myapp / url.py”中添加以下内容：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
   url(r'^hello/', 'hello', name = 'hello'),
   url(r'^morning/', 'morning', name = 'morning'),
   url(r'^article/(\d+)/', 'viewArticle', name = 'article'),)

当Django将看到URL：“ / myapp / article / 42”时，它将参数“ 42”传递给viewArticle视图，在浏览器中，您应该得到以下结果-

请注意，此处的参数顺序很重要。假设我们想要一年中一个月的文章列表，让我们添加一个viewArticles视图。我们的view.py变成-

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

def hello(request):
   return render(request, "hello.html", {})

def viewArticle(request, articleId):
   text = "Displaying article Number : %s"%articleId
   return HttpResponse(text)

def viewArticle(request, month, year):
   text = "Displaying articles of : %s/%s"%(year, month)
   return HttpResponse(text)

相应的url.py文件看起来像-

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
   url(r'^hello/', 'hello', name = 'hello'),
   url(r'^morning/', 'morning', name = 'morning'),
   url(r'^article/(\d+)/', 'viewArticle', name = 'article'),
   url(r'^articles/(\d{2})/(\d{4})', 'viewArticles', name = 'articles'),)

现在，当您转到“ / myapp / articles / 12/2006 /”时，将得到“显示文章：2006/12”，但是如果您反转参数，您将不会获得相同的结果。

为了避免这种情况，可以将URL参数链接到view参数。为此，我们的url.py将变为-

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
   url(r'^hello/', 'hello', name = 'hello'),
   url(r'^morning/', 'morning', name = 'morning'),
   url(r'^article/(\d+)/', 'viewArticle', name = 'article'),
   url(r'^articles/(?P\d{2})/(?P\d{4})', 'viewArticles', name = 'articles'),)